Monday, May 12, 2025
Mustaqbilun - Mastering the Art of Futures Thinking by Ezatulhada | Sneak Preview
Thursday, April 24, 2025
Futures Literacy within Sufism
My MBA project in 2021 became the catalyst for my newfound interest in Futures Literacy. First, let me clarify: Yes, it is future with an “s” because it’s plural. There are many futures, or rather, plausible futures. There is more than one plausible future for everyone and everything.
Futures Literacy is about understanding the future better. Before understanding it, one must anticipate what it might look like, say, 10 years from now. Anticipation here means more than just guessing. It involves active participation by the seer or anticipator. In other words, one must explore the probable multiple futures using specific foresighting methods to become literate about the scenes beyond the horizons. Becoming literate means having the capacity to imagine and navigate towards it. The other terms that are often used in a similar context are Futures Thinking and Strategic Foresight.
On many occasions while drafting my MBA dissertation, I kept thinking about what we already know from Islam regarding some aspects of Futures Literacy. For a start, let’s consider these angles: unity, timelessness, agency and ethical responsibility.
In Sufism, Tawhid transcends monotheism, beyond the “Ahad” in Surah Al-Ikhlas, which alludes to the One and Only. There is also the Oneness of Being, where all creation is a manifestation of divine unity. Futures Literacy similarly asks us to see interconnected possibilities beyond linear time. Certainly, Allah the Almighty is limitless, and so are His actions.
Futures Literacy encourages seeing the future as a continuum of divine creation, where all scenarios are interconnected under God’s sovereignty. In Futuhat al-Makkiya, Shaykh Ibn Arabi described time as a “moving image of eternity” where past, present, and future coexist in divine knowledge. Of course, there are no words better than the Quran that describe God’s qualities as being the First, the Last, the Manifest and the Hidden. God knows all, even on matters as minute as a falling leaf.
For Muslims, life is far from laissez-faire. While upholding the 6th tenet of the Pillars of Faith on believing in Divine Decree (Qadar), Muslims are active actors through free will or ikhtiyar. Human agency is a salient component, but not above God’s ultimate orchestra. Similarly, Futures Literacy emphasises shaping the future while acknowledging uncertainty.
In the Alchemy of Happiness, Imam Al-Ghazali argued that humans act as co-creators within God’s grand design. In Futures Literacy, there is a term called “preferred futures”, and although a man may have his preferred outcome, a Muslim man would seek divine guidance in his decision-making by making istikharah. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) is the foremost guide on this matter. He said, one should tie his camel, then trust in God.
Thirdly, Sufism teaches us about self-annihilation or fana. We are encouraged to detach from the ego, which tends to be selfish and tarnished with self-conceit. Give up on one’s lower self to submit to the powers that be. In the same manner, Futures Literacy requires shedding personal (human) biases to explore plural futures. It is undoubtedly plural because God’s actions have no bounds. This, by right, should be a fun thing to do, to let go and say: let’s see what it might be? Didn’t Rumi say: Sell your cleverness and buy bewilderment?
Futurists are supposed to let their guards down and be open to the unknown. This is a prerequisite of Strategic Foresight. Futurists should unlearn and rid themselves of any existing mental clutter so that the windows to the future are clearer.
Sufis might be a better bunch of Futurists, for they are trained through zikir (the practice of invocations or remembrance) whereby the mental noises die down in place of illumination. Moreover, the Quran teaches Muslims not to be too fixated on one’s chosen ideas or inclinations, for “It may be you dislike a thing which is good for you.” (Quran 2:216)
Futures Literacy, just like every science, comes with responsibility. It emphasises ethical foresight to avoid harm. The end in mind must be morally right for humanity. This is a given, but is clearly spelt out in Islam. Humans are “khalifah” or stewards on this planet.
Furthermore, in Sufism, there is a principle called “ihsan”, meaning excellence, beauty or perfection in action. One is encouraged to do one’s best towards achieving the best possible outcome for the good of all mankind. The Quran reminds us not to corrupt the Earth after it has been set in order.
In Futures Literacy, we are to drop rigid predictions and embrace ambiguity. Likewise, Sufism teaches tawakkul, trust in God, especially amid uncertainty. In the famous Kitab Hikam by Ibn Ata’illah al-Iskandari, the scholar asked, ‘How can the heart be illumined while the forms of creatures are mirrored in it?’ In other words, we, the Futurists, should erase any fixed outcomes, be more adaptive, truly surrender, and embrace the unknown horizons. During scenario planning, one must have faith in preparing for multiple paths without attachment. Of course, the mind and the heart want a perfect scenario, but a futurist knows there should be and there will be other less perfect scenarios too. A Muslim Futurist should have a better reliance on Allah, knowing He is sufficient for them (Quran 65:3).
Futures Literacy challenges linear time by exploring alternative temporalities, either cyclical or spiral. Sufism views time as a veil hiding the true reality of the eternal “now” of divine presence. In The Meccan Revelations, Shaykh Ibn Arabi described time as a “breath of the Merciful” where all moments exist simultaneously.
So, looking at the probable ends, where do we begin now? To systematically begin exploring the future, one needs to have Futures Literacy, by learning the how and the what. However, knowing the tools is not enough. One should keep thinking about it. One should be continually curious about future possibilities, thinking what if this happens, what if that were to unfold? So, Futures Thinking is a necessary acumen if one wants to be more prepared for the future. There will be disruptors, no doubt, such as a pandemic. Futures Thinking encourages one to be an active anticipator of the future so that one can better navigate towards the preferred future while overcoming any potential obstacles along the way.
Remember I mentioned at the outset how the three terms Futures Literacy, Futures Thinking and Strategic Foresight are sometimes used interchangeably? Now, the third aspect of this science of probing the future is Strategic Foresight. It is about deciding strategically how to move towards the preferred future. What actions should I take today so that I might end up in the ideal scenario that I envision?
I hope this short article has sparked your curiosity and interest in Futures Literacy. Just like me, as you dive deeper into this science of futuring, you will start asking or noticing how it sits in Islam, particularly Sufism.













